唐山地区波速比变化特征研究     

王亚茹  宋昭  刘晓丹  郭蕾  王妍  王时  宫猛  王想 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(7):686-690

选取唐山地区2008~2018年震相数据，利用单台多震和达法和多台多震和达法分别计算波速比，结合研究区内的地震活动对波速比的变化特征进行研究。结果显示，多台多震和达法得到的波速比结果较为稳定，而单台多震和达法得到的结果变化幅度大，显示更多细节；唐山地区ML≥4.5地震发生前单台波速比存在不同程度的异常，异常台站的方位与地震具有一定的对应性。  相似文献   

路基煤矸石填料土-水特征曲线试验研究     

陈仁朋  王朋飞  刘鹏  程威  康馨  杨微 《岩土力学》2020,41(2):372-378

煤矸石作为煤层开采和洗选过程中产生的废弃料，常用于路基填筑。压实的路基煤矸石填料存在双孔隙群结构，其土-水特征曲线（SWCC）具有双台阶现象。而SWCC与土体非饱和渗透系数密切相关，对路基内部水分运移以及路基长期累积变形有重要影响。为了探究压实度、粉粒含量、最大颗粒粒径对双台阶SWCC的影响，对路基煤矸石填料进行了一系列压力板试验，并采用描述双台阶SWCC的Bi-V-G公式拟合实测SWCC，分析了模型参数变化规律。试验结果表明，粉粒含量为5%时，不同压实度试样SWCC均存在双台阶现象；粉粒含量为50%时，随着压实度增大，试样SWCC由双台阶形过渡为单台阶形，在0.90和0.95压实度之间存在一个界限值，双台阶现象消失；增大压实度、提高粉粒含量或减小最大颗粒粒径，均会使SWCC台阶高差减小。随着压实度增大或粉粒含量提高，模型参数 、 （与进气值有关的参数）和 、 （与排水程度有关的参数）值均逐渐减小，试样大、小孔隙部分均进气值增大，持水能力提高。  相似文献   

青岛近海物理-生物地球化学过程及其生态响应     

韦钦胜  王保栋  姚庆祯  于志刚  傅明珠  孙俊川  许博超  谢琳萍  辛明 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(2):11-23

近些年来，夏季黄海浒苔大规模暴发，并在青岛近岸海域大面积聚集，引起了广泛的关注。本文基于在夏季和冬季所获得的多学科调查资料，重点研究了青岛近海的水文-生物地球化学过程及其生态影响，阐明了该海域物理-化学-生物等多参数之间的耦合响应。研究显示，夏季黄海冷水团的边界可扩展至青岛近岸海域，并在局部涌升至上层水体，形成沿岸上升流；该上升流可对上层营养盐产生一定的补充，进而促进浮游植物的繁殖，并于底层海域对应形成溶解氧（DO）和pH的低值。夏季青岛近海的上升流可能还有利于随南风漂移至此的浒苔的生长，并在一定程度上引起浒苔的局地旺发；同时，夏季该海域特定的锋面系统对浒苔聚集的影响也不容忽视。冬季黄海暖流在苏北浅滩外侧向山东半岛南部海域延伸，扩展至青岛近海的暖水舌与近岸低温水之间的锋面特征明显，而且在向岸暖水与近岸冷水间还对应形成了明显的营养盐和叶绿素（Chl-a）锋面。该项研究从多学科交叉的视角，增进了对青岛近海物理、化学和生物过程之间耦合关系的认识。  相似文献   

基于正交匹配追踪的声层析方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李倩倩  史娟  李整林  罗宇  阳凡林  张凯 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(11):149-157

声速剖面的变化会对声传播产生较大的影响，经验正交函数模型经常用来实现对声速剖面数据的简化描述。然而在内波、湍流等海水不均匀性存在时，这种正则化操作会造成声速重构精度的大幅降低。本文利用字典学习生成声速剖面的非正交原子，在稀疏编码时采用正交匹配追踪（OMP，Orthogonal Matching Pursuit）算法，更新字典则使用KSVD （Kernel Singular Value Decomposition）的字典更新算法。由于字典学习不需要强制使用正交条件，对于训练数据更加灵活，从而可以使用少数的原子组合达到更高的重构精度。利用一次浅海声学实验多次测量的声速剖面研究了海水声速剖面的经验正交函数表示和字典学习，研究表明：相比于正交函数表示，学习字典可以利用少数原子（甚至一个原子）更好的解释声速剖面扰动。字典学习可以提高声速剖面的稀疏性，从而提高声速剖面的反演精度。  相似文献   

The galaxy luminosity function in the LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area at the Southern Galactic Cap     

Pin-Song Zhao  Hong Wu  Cong Kevin Xu  Ming Yang  Fan Yang  Yi-Nan Zhu  Man I Lam  Jun-Jie Jin  Hai-Long Yuan  Hao-Tong Zhang  Shi-Yin Shen  Jian-Rong Shi  A-Li Luo  Xue-Bing Wu  Yong-Heng Zhao  Yi-Peng Jing 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2019,(8)

We present optical luminosity functions(LFs) of galaxies in the~(0.1) g,~(0.1) r,~(0.1) i bands, calculated using data in~40 deg~2 sky area of the LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area(LaCoSSPAr) in the Southern Galactic Cap. Redshifts for galaxies brighter than r = 18.1 were obtained mainly with LAMOST. In each band, LFs derived using both parametric and non-parametric maximum likelihood methods agree well with each other. In the0.1 r band, our fitting parameters of the Schechter function are φ_*=(1.65 ± 0.36) × 10~(-2) h~3 Mpc~(-3), M_*=-20.69 ± 0.06 mag and α =-1.12 ± 0.08,which agree with previous studies. Separate LFs are also derived for emission line galaxies and absorption line galaxies. The LFs of absorption line galaxies show a dip at~(0.1) r ~18.5 and can be fitted well by a double-Gaussian function, suggesting a bimodality in passive galaxies.  相似文献   

非等间距GM(1,1)模型的总体最小二乘算法及其病态问题     

陶武勇  花向红  鲁铁定  陈西江  张伟 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(1):45-50

在非等间距GM(1,1)模型中，系数矩阵中有无误差的常数项和有误差的随机项，并且系数矩阵与观测向量误差同源，即系数矩阵与观测向量中有相同的元素存在，这些相同元素应该有相同的改正数，为此本文推导了一种适合非等间距GM(1,1)模型求解的总体最小二乘算法。同时，考虑到非等间距GM(1,1)模型中存在病态问题时影响总体最小二乘计算结果的稳定性，提出对系数矩阵常数列乘以某一常数的方法，以改善病态问题。  相似文献   

浅层地震剖面揭示固原市清水河东侧断裂特征     

花鑫升  姬计法  酆少英  杜鹏  宋威  刘增祺 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(8):794-797

为查明清水河东侧断裂的产状、性质及其浅部构造特征，跨断裂开展高分辨率的浅层地震探测，获得高信噪比的浅层地震反射叠加剖面。根据浅层地震剖面结果并结合该区域地质资料，对该断裂的浅部构造特征进行分析和讨论。结果表明，清水河东侧断裂为一条走向近SN、倾向E的逆断层，其浅部为由2~3条断层组成的“Y”字形构造，并错断埋深约10~30 m的第四系沉积层，属第四纪以来的隐伏活动断裂。  相似文献   

Granite is an Effective Helium Source Rock: Insights from the Helium Generation and Release Characteristics in Granites from the North Qinling Orogen, China     

ZHANG Wen  LI Yuhong  ZHAO Fenghu  ZHOU Zheng  HAN Wei  ZHOU Junlin  ZHANG Qiao 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(1):114-125

Global helium(He) shortage is a challenging problem; however, the types of helium source rock and the mechanisms of He generation and release therein remain still poorly understood. In this study, in order to evaluate the potential of granite as an effective helium source rock, we collected granitic samples from the North Qinling Orogen, Central China, in the south of the helium-rich Weihe Basin. The helium generation and release behaviors in granite were studied through analysis of U and Th concentrations, EMPA images, and He and Ar concentrations and isotopic ratios extracted by crushing and stepwise heating. The results indicate that Ar has a better retention and a lower mobility than He. 3 He/4 He ratios released by crushing and stepwise heating are 0.016–0.056 RA and 0.003–0.572 RA, respectively, where RA is the atmospheric 3 He/4 He of 1.4×10-6, reflecting a crustal and radiogenic source. Helium concentrations extracted by the two ways are 0.13–0.95 ucm3 STP/g and 7.82–115.62 ucm3 STP/g, respectively, suggesting that matrix-sited He accounts for more than 98% of total helium preserved in granite. In addition, the total generated He amounts in granites are calculated based on the measured U and Th concentrations in granitic samples. Dividing the preserved He quantities by the generated He amounts, it turned out that less than 10% of He produced since the formation of the granite is preserved in the rock over geological time, suggesting that more than 90% generated He can be transferred to the Weihe Basin. Temperature and fracture are the two critical factors controlling He release. Based on the relationship between He diffusivity of granites and temperature and the He closure temperatures of a variety of U-and Th-rich minerals(27–250°C), we estimate that He can be partially released out of granite at the depths 400 m and totally released at the depths 7800 m. Fractures provide effective transfer of free He from deep source rocks to shallow reservoirs. Finally, a model on granite as an effective helium source rock is established. We suggest exploring He resources in hydrocarbon basins with granitic basement(or adjacent to granite bodies), high geothermal field, and young active fractures.  相似文献   

Carboniferous integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China     

Wang  Xiangdong  Hu  Keyi  Qie  Wenkun  Sheng  Qingyi  Chen  Bo  Lin  Wei  Yao  Le  Wang  Qiulai  Qi  Yuping  Chen  Jitao  Liao  Zhuoting  Song  Junjun 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(1):135-153

The Carboniferous period lasted about 60 Myr, from ～358.9 Ma to ～298.9 Ma. According to the International Commission on Stratigraphy, the Carboniferous System is subdivided into two subsystems, i.e., Mississippian and Pennsylvanian, including 6 series and 7 stages. The Global Stratotype Sections and Points(GSSPs) of three stages have been ratified, the Tournaisian, Visean, and Bashkirian stages. The GSSPs of the remaining four stages(i.e., the Serpukhovian, Moscovian,Kasimovian, and Gzhelian) have not been ratified so far. This paper outlines Carboniferous stratigraphic subdivision and correlation on the basis of detailed biostratigraphy mainly from South China, and summarizes the Carboniferous chronostratigraphic framework of China. High-resolution biostratigraphic study reveals 37 conodont zones, 24 foraminiferal(including fusulinid) zones, 13 ammonoid zones, 10 brachiopod zones, and 10 rugose coral zones in the Carboniferous of China. The biostratigraphic framework based on these biozones warrants the precise correlation of regional stratigraphy of China(including2 subsystems, 4 series, and 8 stages) to that of the other regions globally. Meanwhile, the Carboniferous chemo-, sequence-,cyclo-, and event-stratigraphy of China have been intensively studied and can also be correlated worldwide. Future studies on the Carboniferous in China should focus on(1) the correlation between shallow-and deep-water facies and between marine and continental facies,(2) high-resolution astronomical cyclostratigraphy, and(3) paleoenvironment and paleoclimate analysis based on geochemical proxies such as strontium and oxygen isotopes, as well as stomatal indices of fossil plants.  相似文献   

中国人海经济系统环境适应性演化及预警     

李博  史钊源  田闯  苏飞  彭飞 《地理科学》2019,39(4):533-540

基于敏感性-稳定性-响应3维要素构建指标体系,运用熵值法和ARIMA-BP组合预测模型研究中国人海经济系统环境适应性的演化及预警。结果表明：① 2001~2016年中国人海经济系统环境适应性呈稳定上升态势,总体集中于中警状态,期间经历了“人海环境系统比较优势阶段→耦合协调阶段→人海经济系统比较优势阶段”的双螺旋适应过程,预计2017~2020年再次进入相互契合的轻警状态;② 16 a间中国人海经济系统环境适应性波动存在上升期短-衰退期长现象,预计未来4 a人海经济系统环境适应性在经济下行和生态约束背景下的速率不容乐观;③ 权衡人海经济系统和人海环境系统的关系,追求总体效益最大化,延长适应性周期波动中扩张期活动,差别化和灵活性的适应行为是未来主要排警对策。  相似文献